Wild quinine nc ecotype. Available via license: CC BY-NC-ND 4. Wild quinine nc ecotype

 
Available via license: CC BY-NC-ND 4Wild quinine nc ecotype 5 FAC sun/part shade 2 Parthenium integrifolium wild quinine (VA ecotype) 4 N/A sun/part shade 3 Penstemon laevigatus Appalachian beardtongue (SC ecotype) 3 FAC sun/part shade 3 Tridens flavus purple top (‘Suther’, NC ecotype) 2

Despite the name integrifolium, the leaves are usually toothed, not entire. As the flowers wane, they transition into brown rounded clusters of achenes. Included in mixes. 00 % Panicum rigidulum, Coastal Plain NC Ecotype Redtop Panicgrass, Coastal Plain NC Ecotype 57. Wild quinine is an erect, long-lived, perennial forb that rises on multiple stems from a thickened, tuberous rootstock, and occasionally from a short rhizome. Similar to the different ecotypes in the Pacific, the prey specializations of Type 1 and. Flowers: White flowers June - September. com) Best for: Supporting a treasure-trove of tiny pollinators including predatory wasps, flies, and solitary bees. Parthenium integrifolium is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names wild quinine, American feverfew, and eastern feverfew. By Pam Teel. NE, LH 12 native fall Asters (Eastern aromatic, Smooth blue, Largeflower) Symphyotrichum spp. Allium cernuum, PA EcotypeGlade Wild quinine, Parthenium auriculatum, is a member of the Asteraceae Family and a wonderful perennial plant for dry, sunny spots, but it will tolerate some shade. 74 200000. 20 1. Food intake is not different between quinine fed mice and mice fed a regular diet (study 1) There was no significant difference in cumulative food intake between the WT control mice, WT quinine mice, and mice fed a diet supplemented with 0. Seeds need 1 month of cold temperatures before germination. Wild quinine (parthenium integrifolium), extra-long-bloomer; Ohio goldenrod (solidago ohioensis), compact pollinator favorite; Pollinator-friendly plants (that aren't weeds)for the two species, respectively). • Bloom Time: Summer- June, July, August – dense clusters of. ecotype. Description. Georgia ecotype. Sorghastrum nutans, Suther NC Ecotype. Viola pedata . Mild headache, flushing, unusual sweating, nausea, ringing in the ears, decreased hearing, dizziness, blurred vision, and temporary changes in color vision may occur. 3 and HTA. 3 vols. Juncus effusus, Cplain NC Ecotype. Brown, 1913, An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Wild quinine plants are easily propagated by seed. Climbing Aster (Ampelaster carolinianus)—a climbing aster with lilac-colored flowers from mid-October through November Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)—orange flowers; nectar and food plant for the monarch butterfly Carolina Wild Indigo (Baptisia cinerea)—yellow flowers Local ecotypes can be more resistant to local herbivores. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Rare and unusual, Wild Quinine is a gorgeous native plant with everything one could want in a garden perennial: upright form, excellent foliage, a long bloom time, and resistance to insects and disease. The stems are erect and usually unbranched below the. Add to Project. Species: NC Piedmont UPL Meadow Mix. Days to Moist Stratify. Menu; Search. If desired, prune. Caswell Co. Butterfly Milkweed is a perennial native seed typically found in dry woods, abandoned fields, shale barrens, and along roadsides. 50. There is a rosette of basal leaves up to 6" long and 4" wide on long petioles. Wild Brazilian populations occur in the cerrado biome and coastal restinga vegetation. , two-lipped flowers appears at tops of stems from July to October. , Zones 5–9), and ornamental grasses. Switchgrass is a perennial, warm-season ornamental grass that is native to North Carolina. In the same way that these ecotypes may be better adapted to the local pollinators, they may also be more adapted to dealing with and recovering from local native herbivores. Add to Wishlist. 5 FACU sun 3 Monarda punctata spotted beebalm (SC ecotype) 3. These states include Southern New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky, Ohio, Maryland, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and. Includes (#s/ac): Sideoats grama (local, vns) (0. PerennialPacket Contents: Approximately 200 seeds. 0. Species Type: Native; Product Categories: Herbaceous Flowering Species, Pollinator Favorites, Uplands & Meadows, Woodland Openings. These were just a few of the many daylilies of this species growing wild in this area. Usually cauline, sometimes also basal, alternate; petiole present on basal and lower cauline leaves, absent on upper cauline leaves; blade ovate to lanceolate, 1. , Cell 2021) and in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). 00 Add to cart; Add to Wishlist. Feverfew, or Wild Quinine, is as carefree as other members of the Aster-Daisy family, making it a sweet addition to a sunny, herb or cottage flower garden. Alan S. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium. 1-3 inches. General Product Information. (Photo: cultivar413 / Flikr. This wild vetiver grass has a high ability to exclude Na+ and retain K+ in its leaves, which is a criti. Wild Quinine has been used as a substitute to Cinchona bark for extracting the malaria fighting drug quinine. Data processing: The MAS5. upper right abdominal pain. The plants make a nice addition to native plant gardens because of their wild growth form. Indian Grass, Suther NC Ecotype. This work was supported by grants from Key project of natural science research of Lingnan Normal University (LZL1405), Guangdong science. Ecotype. Wild quinine will grow best in fertile, well-drained soils in full-sun to light shade. Goldenseal. S. According to the USDA, several southeastern Native American tribes have used this plant for medicinal purposes, including mashing the leaves to create a poultice for burns. Side Effects. Data Source. Wild Quinine does not tolerate low-light 🚫. Herein described ecotype V was moderately supported in the groEL-based ML inference (81% of ultrafast-bootstrap) and closely related to ecotype III (Fig. It is native to the eastern United States. Among the natural ecotypes deposited in Fungal Genetics Stock Center, we chose 114 N. The name Feverfew comes from the Latin febrifugus which means putting fever to flight. 00 % Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush 144. Ernst. x Copy guide taxon to. Introduction. S. sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips. Bee Balm. UPDATED 11/16 Eastern Blue Phlox Phlox. Seeds of A. Wild bergamot was identified as a valuable monarch nectar plant in our research, and is suggested in our Monarch Nectar Plant Guide – Midwest and guides for other regions where it grows. Quinine is very diluted in tonic water. [26] Tonic water was initially marketed as a means of delivering quinine to consumers in order to offer anti-malarial protection. Michaux's Sumac (Rhus michauxii); Durham County (2014)wild quinine. Buy Plants. Distribution of natural ecotypes of N. Under garden conditions of dry to medium soil moisture and full sun, wild quinine grows up to 1. Jack-in-the-pulpit, bog onion, Indian turnip, or brown dragon (Arisaema triphyllum) is useful partially dried as a contraceptive. Bidens aristosa, Coastal Plain NC Ecotype Showy Tickseed Sunflower (Bur Marigold), Coastal Plain NC Ecotype. Common Wild Quinine To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails. Penstemon hirsutus hair y beardtongue . It prefers medium soil conditions, and grows best in full sun. Big Bluestem, ‘Southlow’-MI Ecotype. 5-20 WILD PETUNIA . SULLIVANT’S MILKWEED 1-2’ LOAM WET PRAIRIE. In Mexico, it is used as an antispasmodic and as a tonic to regulate menstruation. Great in containers. J. 20 1. The. and. Iris sibirica (Siberian iris ‘Anniversary’) Liatris aspera (Rough blazing start) Magnolia stellata (Star magnolia ‘Royal Star’) Malus ‘Coralcole’ (Crabapple ‘Coralcole’) Monarda didyma (Bee balm ‘Raspberry Wine’) Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot) Parthenium integrifolium (Wild quinine) Penstemon digitalis (Beardtongue. Tridens flavus purpletop . Species: Showy Aster, NC Ecotype. 1. ©Larry Allain. Prairie Nursery. American feverfew is the most widely distributed species and the only one that seems to be grown in gardens. 0% Chamaecrista fasciculata, PA Ecotype (Partri( 1. Sorghastrum nutans, Suther NC Ecotype. Bloom Color. 7% Tradescantia ohiensis, AL Ecotype (Ohio Spiderwort, AL Ecotype) 0. It is native to the eastern United States. 0%. It was not blooming at this time. Community Forestry Grant from the North Carolina Forest Service, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, in cooperation with the USDA Forest Service, Southern Region. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Indian Grass, Suther NC Ecotype. 00 Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beard Tongue 1. Seed pod has a warty. ©Larry Allain. Woolly-looking, white flower heads, each with 5 tiny ray flowers appear in broad, flat-topped, terminal corymbs from late spring to late summer. Share. Wild Quinine. 10 165000. Flower Description: A tight cluster of white 1-1. Z:Chapter GuidebookPosition StatementsLocal Ecotype Guidelines Rev. Its leaves can take on shades of purple and gold in fall. Bee Balm. Lupine can grow in part shade, but flowering will be lessened. Parthenium integrifolium, commonly called American feverfew or wild quinine, is a clump-forming, Missouri native perennial which occurs in dry soils on prairies, glades and rocky woods. 5 Native Ferns for Your Garden* Common Name Exposure Moisture Northern Maidenhair, Adiantum pedatum pt shade-shade moist-avg Common Ebony Spleenwort, Asplenium platyneuron pt shade-shade avg-dry Southern Lady Fern, Athyrium asplenioides pt shade-shade moist-avg Eastern Hay-scented Fern, Dennstaedtia punctilobula pt shade-shade. 3 vols. Wetland Indicator: UPL. Rattlesnake Master - Arkansas Grand Prairie Ecotype: Eryngium yuccifolium: Su: Green: Full Sun: 4' - 5' Dry-Med : Rattlesnake Master - Arkansas Blackland Prairie Ecotype: Eryngium yuccifolium: Su: Green: Full Sun: 4' - 5'How to grow Quinine Wildflowers . 1% Baptisia albescens, NC Ecotype (Spiked Wild Indigo, NC Ecotype) 0. Wild Senna Senna marilandica Summer Med. Wild quinine is a very hardy addition to the garden as it is tolerant of both hot and cold weather. Panicum anceps, NC Ecotype Beaked Panicgrass, NC Ecotype Bunchgrass; provides food and cover for wildlife; forage is of good value for cattle; seeds are eaten by upland birds. 10. To preserve the genetic diversity and integrity of native plants. Leaves are aromatic and handsome. Carex grayi, PA Ecotype $ 129. Arrives soon! Get it by Nov 22-29 if you order today. These rarely-seen orcas are large, with distinctive back-sloping eye patches, and like other mammal-eating orcas, they are especially threatened by high contaminant loads. Quick Profile. Documentation State Type Symbol; 1949. audubon. ) in southern China. Ecotype. 3% Penstemon canescens, WV Ecotype (Eastern Gray Beardtongue, WV Ecotype) 0. Wild Quinine Parthenium integrifolium Summer White 2-4 ft. This plant blooms in white clusters from May through September. Glade Wild Quinine is rare in North Carolina, where it is found in a few counties in the northern Piedmont in xeric areas over basic rock. Provided by USGS National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC). ecotype: [noun] a population of a species that survives as a distinct group through environmental selection and isolation and that is comparable with a taxonomic subspecies. wild quinine. Herein, we evaluated the res. J. Add to Project. CULTURAL & MAINTENANCE NEEDS: Parthenium integrifolium grows best in sunny sites with fertile loamy or average well drained soil. 5% Amorpha herbacea, NC Ecotype (Clusterspike False Indigo, NC Ecotype) 0. 5% Heliopsis helianthoides, PA Ecotype (Oxeye St 1. , NC 5/30/10. isolated from wild type Col-0 (WT) and mutant tubg1-1 and tubg2-1 plants. wild quinine. White . This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Wild Quinine is easily identified by its flowers, which are pretty unique compared to other Minnesota species. and cvs. southeastern Piedmont region. One study suggests that use of the plant might stimulate the immune system. Agrostis hyemalis, Piedmont NC Ecotype $ 26. Taylor, L. Bloom Season. Big bluestem is a warm-season grass native to the eastern two thirds of the United States. Wild quinine usually blooms in late summer and early autumn. Also called American feverfew, wild quinine is a herbaceous perennial and a member of the Aster family, Asteraceae, that also includes sunflower, daisy, and lettuce. 0% Chamaecrista fasciculata, PA Ecotype (Partri( 1. Download Info Sheet. Inkberry grows 5 to 10 feet tall, 5 to 8 feet wide, and suckers to form colonies. Today. Description. Wild Quinine (Parthenium Integrifolium) Posted on July 11, 2021 by MC2 · Leave a comment. CULTURAL & MAINTENANCE NEEDS: Parthenium integrifolium grows best in sunny sites with fertile loamy or average well drained soil. • Plant Type: Perennial. Compare with the Common Wild Quinine (Parthenium integrifolium), which is more common and widespread throughout NC. Alan Weakley cc-by-nc-4. Plants also adapt to lightly shaded sites, sandy, rocky or clay soils and drought. 25 Pycnanthemum virginianum Common Mountain Mint 0. During World War I, wild quinine was used as a substitute for the bark of the Cinchona tree—as the active ingredient of quinine used to treat malaria. L. Botanical Name: Parthenium integrifolium. 5 FACU sun 3 Monarda punctata spotted beebalm (SC ecotype) 3. 0% Carex vulpinoidea, PA Ecotype. Chimney Rock Park. Crown-forming species; showy flowers are long lasting; provides texture to wild meadows. For example, a population or. 20 9. Wild Quinine, NC Ecotype. 00 Add to cart; Add to Wishlist. 0 Normalization is performed using the justMAS function in the simpleaffy package of Bioconductor (The target value is 500 for all cases. Rare and unusual, Wild Quinine is a gorgeous native plant with everything one could want in a garden perennial: upright form, excellent foliage, a long bloom time, and resistance to insects and disease. : Alabama, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania Use it as a poultice to treat burns and skin problems. optimal realization of wild-plant services, since . Direct Sowing Time. Wild Ones® Guidelines for Selecting Native Plants – Local Ecotype Guidelines The following guidelines are intended to assist Wild Ones® members and others in their natural landscaping efforts. Person. Contains the showiest native forbs common in the Northeast. NC Piedmont Riparian Mix - ERNMX-307 Botanical Name Common Name Price/Lb 29. Andropogon gerardii, Albany Pine Bush-NY Ecotype $ 14. Marsh Blazing-Star. Compare with the rare Glade Wild Quinine (Parthenium auriculatum), which is found in the same habitats but over basic bedrock. Parthenium integrifolium. It grows three feet tall with profuse lavender flowers that grow at about an inch across. Also called American feverfew or prairie dock, wild quinine is a herbaceous perennial from the aster or daisy family. 7% Vernonia angustifolia, SC Ecotype (Tall Ironweed, SC Ecotype) 0. Andropogon gerardii, 'Southlow'-MI Ecotype $ 14. Bloom Season. Full sun Arrow Arum Peltandra virginica Spring Greenish white 2-3 ft. The cashew, Anacardium occidentale, is a globally important tropical fruit tree, but little is known about its natural infraspecific systematics. WILD QUININE . Compare with the. tightness in the chest. 00 Out of Stock. Wild Quinine, NC Ecotype. The plant seems to have no trouble. , NC 9/16/2012. Height: 12-24 (-40) inches. 1. In the decades after the bark of the tree was exported to Europe, every state with imperialist aspirations wanted access to quinine. It is native to the eastern and midwestern United States. NC Ecotype Redtop Panic Grass, NC Ecotype. integrifolium wild quinine. Another Unexpected Discovery - Out of the Ashes. crassa (A) and N. Fruit Description: Fruit a hairy and spiked gray follicle dry and inflated, 2"-4" long 1 2/3" wide erect, with a thick end and tapered tip. 0 Chasmanthium latifolium fall seed head Klasse im Garten CC BY 2. 0% Juncus tenuis, NC Ecotype (Path Rush, NC Ecotype) 0. Feverfew, or wild quinine, is as carefree as other members of the aster-daisy family, making it a sweet addition to a sunny, herb or cottage flower garden. 00 0. North Carolina. 00 % Helenium flexuosum, VA Ecotype Purplehead Sneezeweed, VA Ecotype 144. Wild quinine is a perennial, herbaceous forb. Hibiscus moscheutos, Coastal Plain NC Ecotype Crimsoneyed Rosemallow, Coastal Plain NC Ecotype Showy long-lived species in wet meadows and at the water's edge. Once your natives are planted, water as needed until they are established in about two. Numerous small heads in flat-topped clusters at ends of stem and branches, per Wildflowers of Tennessee,. Color: White. Plants are 2-4’ tall with a 2-3’ spread. , 2017). Snakeroot has large, swollen, dark brown roots, growing first vertically and. Restrict by Collection Details. Wild Quinine Parthenium integrifolium Plant Type: Herbaceous Perennials Native Environment: Prairie Season of Interest: Mid (May - June), Late (July - frost) Main Color: White Fall Color: USDA PLANTS Range Map At the. University of Florida. Its history is one tightly entangled with the history of European empires, and their quests for domination in the malar- ia-ridden areas of the world. , NC 9/16/2012. Soil Moisture: Wet Mesic-Dry Mesic. 0% Aster novae-angliae, PA Ecotype (New England Aster. Background Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. 0. In Venezuela, it is used for treating earaches. On the soda gun behind many bars, tonic water is designated by the letter "Q" representing quinine. Tolerances. Fall. Provided by USGS National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC). Habitat:. ). ALABAMA GRAPE FERN. 1 Huxley. A wild ecotype of vetiver grass was found in southern China in the 1950s, but little is known about its adaptability to saline stress. Wild Flowers of NC, 2nd edition (Justice, Bell. WILD QUININE. ( Jäger 2009) The leaves are ingested fresh or dried, with a typical daily dosage of 2 to 3 leaves. Soil Conditions. 40 Add to cart; Add to Wishlist. Asclepias tuberosa . General Product Information. Height: 1-3'Growing Conditions: Sun to partial sun, Dry to average soil. Actually the best growing conditions for wild quinine plant include fertile, well-drained soil and full sun to light shade. It is native to the eastern United States. IL Ecotype $ 16. 00 0. In some cases, a single ecotype from a given community may fall into several distinct sequence clusters, as. Wild Quinine (Parthenium integrifolium): Parthenium integrifolium, commonly known as wild quinine, produces an abundance of white, pearl-like flowers on 2- to 3-foot-tall plants with broad, rough-textured leaves. Add to Wishlist. Get Your Native Seed Packets. A Theory-Based Pragmatism for Discovering and Classifying Newly Divergent Species of Bacterial Pathogens. Definition. Mature Height. The seed variety includes purple. 180 832000. To preserve the genetic diversity and integrity of native plants. Growing Quinine Wildflowers. Wild quinine flowers May-August/September, producing wooly-appearing white flowers on broad flat-topped terminal corymbs. 1983. Grows 3-4' tall. Description. It reaches 3-4 feet and with its flower plumes it can measure up to 7 feet tall. In fact, there are believed to be fewer than 200 ha (494 acres) of suitable habitat remaining today, compared with the original habitat of more than 200,000 ha (494,200 acres) ( Minnesota’s Remaining Native Prairie ). Botanical Museum of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Detailed description of the site and initial overall project objec-tives were provided by Cubbage et al. Wild Pink Catchfly Fire Pink Compass Plant Cup Plant Whorled Rosinweed Narrow-Leaved Blue-Eyed Grass White Goldenrod Blue Stem Goldenrod Zigzag Goldenrod[gwl-g] Wild quinine, Prairie dropseed Doreen Howard gardendiva at charter. Color: White. Country of Collection. h2a. Product Categories: Grasses & Grass-like Species, Herbaceous Flowering Species, Pollinator Favorites, Uplands &. 7% Vernonia angustifolia, SC Ecotype (Tall Ironweed, SC Ecotype) 0. Turesson. crassa and 85 N. Find the exact seeds you need for your project using the advanced search and filtering options of our Seed Finder Tool: Individual Seed Species. Where it will grow: Hardy to -30 degrees Fahrenheit (USDA zones 4 to 8; find your zone) Water requirement: Medium to dry soil. If you are one of the editors of this guide it should copy everything, but if you're not, it will only copy the licensed content. White . Social. 0 Parthenium hispidum (Wild Quinine) is a species of perennial herb in the family Asteraceae . Winter Bentgrass, Piedmont NC Ecotype. Chat : Offline. Flora and Fauna of North Carolina; wild quinine; wild quinine Parthenium integrifolium. , NC. Agrostis hyemalis, Piedmont NC Ecotype $ 26. Plants used as curatives by certain Southeastern Tribes. 00 0. Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur while taking quinine: Symptoms of an overdose. Add to Wishlist. : Wild quinine occurs in dry, somewhat heavy soils in prairies, fields, open wooded areas, rocky woods, and hillsides. Grows 3-4 feet tall. audubon. seed collected in our region or in Virginia) be planted whenever possible. , NC 9/16/2012. ) is widely used in more than 120 countries for land management (e. , NC 5/30/10. At Ernst Conservation Seeds, we grow, process, and sell hundreds of species of native and naturalized seeds and live plant materials for ecological restoration, sustainable landscaping, reclamation, wetlands, and natural resources conservation. The best growing conditions for quinine plant include fertile,. The imperiled plant list includes species deemed special concern vulnerable, threatened, or endangered in North Carolina. The identity. NC 9/22/2001, with a broken left antenna and missing wing sections. Because of its tap root structure, it grows well in and amongst the fibrous root systems of grasses so that it can readily compete with. Plan PreparerWild Quinine. 00 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan 4. 3% Helianthus angustifolius, Coastal Plain NC Ecotype (Narrowleaf Sunflower, Coastal Plain NC Ecotype) 0. ]), the number of flowering stems was significantly higher in burn years (27-fold); however, there was no significant difference in the number of stems between protected and unprotected plots. Does it originate within your ecoregion? • Beware of plant material dug from the wild or plants which are “nursery grown” in pots after being dug from the wild. During World War I, this plant provided an alternate source for the quinine necessary to cure malaria and other diseases. Prairie Blazing Star - Arkansas Ozark Region Ecotype: Liatris pycnostachya: Su: Pink: Full Sun: 3' - 5' Dry-Med : Prairie Blazing Star - Arkansas River Valley Ecotype: Liatris pycnostachya: Su: Pink: Full Sun: 3' - 5' Dry-Med : Bergamot - Arkansas Grand Prairie Ecotype: Monarda fistulosa: Su: Lavender: Part Shade: 2' - 4' Dry-Wet : Bergamot. Plants, due to their sessile nature, should adapt to these challenging genotoxic environmental conditions and develop resistance. 00 % Vernonia noveboracensis, PA Ecotype New York Ironweed, PA Ecotype 264. Common Milkweed. 200 1088000. It can be 12 ″ to 40 ″ tall, though it is usually no more than 24 ″ in height. Until the 1940s, quinine was the go-to way to treat malaria infections. 0;Wild Quinine Super reliable and sturdy. Rudbeckia hirta. 5 FACU sun 3 Monarda punctata spotted beebalm (SC ecotype) 3. Seed companies and nurseries specify the origin of most seeds and seedlings. wild quinine. For unknown reasons, they may co-occur (as in the image to the left) or be found singly at a given site. Common Wild Quinine To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails. Person Co. Monarda punctata. Add to Project. P. The homing behaviour of salmon is a remarkable natural phenomenon, critical for shaping the ecology and evolution of populations yet the spatial scale at which it occurs is poorly understood. Also known as wild feverfew, wild quinine ( Parthenium integrifolium ) has a long history of medicinal use by Native Americans and the US Army. , VA 7/24/05. 3 vols. Both flower profusely in open, prairie-like sites, especially after. This ecotype includes six-rowed spring barleys, mainly from the high altitudes of the Caucasian Ridge, which were first described by Regel (1910). Common Wild Quinine - Parthenium integrifoliumUncle Steve found this "unusual" flower along a country road in Montgomery County, North Carolina. Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197.